Guides›Understanding Debt

Understanding Debt

Educational guides about debt — how different types of debt work, what debt collectors can and cannot do, and the formal solutions available. Every guide links to free regulated debt advice services.

Important: These guides are for general educational purposes only — not debt advice. If you are struggling with debt, please contact a free nonprofit credit counseling service: NFCC (1-800-388-2227), or 211.org (call or text 211).

Guides in this section

5 min read

Snowball vs avalanche: which debt repayment method should you use?

The snowball and avalanche methods offer different approaches to paying off debt. Here is how to decide which suits you better.

Read guide →
5 min read

What is a debt collector and what can they do in the US?

Debt collectors have specific powers — and specific legal limits. Here is what they are, what collectors can do, and what they cannot.

Read guide →
5 min read

What happens if you ignore a debt in the US?

Ignoring debt makes things worse, not better. Here is what typically happens — and what to do instead.

Read guide →
5 min read

What is a civil judgment for debt in the US?

A civil judgment is a serious step in the debt collection process. Here is what it means and what your options are.

Read guide →
5 min read

How to deal with a debt collection letter in the US

A debt collection letter can feel alarming. Here is what to do, step by step.

Read guide →
6 min read

Bankruptcy vs a debt management plan: what is the difference?

Debt management plans and bankruptcy are two different approaches to unaffordable debt. Here is what each means and how they compare.

Read guide →
5 min read

What is a charge-off and what should you do if you get one?

A charge-off is serious but not the end of the road. Here is what it means and what to do.

Read guide →
5 min read

Debt and mental health: the connection and where to get help

The link between debt and mental health is well established. Here is what it means, and where to get support for both at the same time.

Read guide →
5 min read

What protections and relief options exist if you cannot pay your debts?

The US has no single debt moratorium, but several protections exist. Here is what is actually available and where to start.

Read guide →
5 min read

Payday loans and high-cost credit: what you need to know in the US

Payday loans carry extremely high effective interest rates. Here is what to know before using them — and better alternatives to consider.

Read guide →

Related Ask Fin tools

Put these guides into practice with Ask Fin tools. General guidance only — not regulated advice.

Other guide sections

← All guides