Heating and cooling a home can be one of the biggest monthly expenses for households with lower incomes, especially in extreme weather. LIHEAP, the Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program, is a federally funded program that helps eligible households manage those costs. It is administered at the state level, which means eligibility rules, benefit amounts, and application processes vary depending on where you live.
What LIHEAP helps with
LIHEAP generally covers four types of assistance. Heating assistance helps with the cost of heating your home in winter. Cooling assistance helps with summer cooling costs, though not all states offer this component. Crisis assistance provides emergency help to households facing an immediate threat to their heat or cooling supply, such as a shut-off notice or broken heating equipment. And some states use LIHEAP funds for weatherization assistance to help make homes more energy efficient. Not every state offers all four components, and funding can run out during the year.
Who may be eligible
Eligibility is based primarily on household income. Federal guidelines set a ceiling of 150 percent of the federal poverty level, but states can set their own limits, and some states allow up to 60 percent of the state median income. Households with elderly members, people with disabilities, or young children are often given priority. You do not have to own your home to apply. Renters can also apply, even if heat is included in your rent in some circumstances. The exact rules depend on your state.
How to apply
Applications are handled by each state's designated agency, often the state energy office or a local community action agency. You can find your local LIHEAP contact through the National Energy Assistance Referral (NEAR) project at 1-866-674-6327, or through benefits.gov. You can also call 211 to be connected with local assistance programs in your area. Applications typically require proof of income, household size, and a recent utility bill.
Funding can be limited
LIHEAP operates on annual federal appropriations and funds can run out before the end of a program year, especially for cooling assistance. If you think you might be eligible, applying early in the program year rather than waiting until you are in crisis generally gives you better odds of receiving assistance. Crisis funds are separate and are often available year-round for households facing immediate energy emergencies, but those funds can also be limited.
Other programs that may help
If you do not qualify for LIHEAP or the funds have run out, there are other options worth checking. Many utility companies offer their own low-income assistance programs, budget billing arrangements, or payment plans. 211.org connects people with local assistance programs including energy help. Some states have separate utility assistance programs. Your state may also have an arrearage management program if you have built up unpaid utility debt.
This article is general educational information. LIHEAP rules, eligibility levels, and funding availability change from year to year and vary by state. Contact your local LIHEAP agency or benefits.gov for current information specific to your situation.
This is general educational information only, not financial, legal or benefits advice. Program rules, eligibility, and funding vary by state and change regularly. Verify current information at benefits.gov or by contacting your local agency.